{"id":143550,"date":"2020-12-04T12:21:06","date_gmt":"2020-12-04T12:21:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/central-asia.guide\/ouzbekistan\/destinations-en-ouzbekistan\/khiva\/traite-des-esclaves-khiva\/"},"modified":"2026-01-17T11:20:00","modified_gmt":"2026-01-17T11:20:00","slug":"traite-des-esclaves-khiva","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/central-asia.guide\/fr\/ouzbekistan\/destinations-en-ouzbekistan\/khiva\/traite-des-esclaves-khiva\/","title":{"rendered":"Traite des esclaves Khiva"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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La traite des esclaves \u00e0 Khiva<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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La traite des esclaves<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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L’architecture \u00e9tonnante et les richesses des palais Khivan et Bukharan ont \u00e9galement un pass\u00e9 plus sombre.<\/span> <\/em>Au XIXe si\u00e8cle, Khiva \u00e9tait r\u00e9put\u00e9e pour la brutalit\u00e9 de son march\u00e9 aux esclaves en Asie centrale. Chaque homme poss\u00e9dait mat\u00e9riellement au moins un esclave personnel pour travailler dans ses champs. Les Russes pensaient avoir perdu au moins 5 000 personnes en esclavage. <\/span>dans la r\u00e9gion <\/span>et alors que le Grand Jeu<\/a> battait son plein, m\u00eame des officiers britanniques sont intervenus aupr\u00e8s des khans pour demander la lib\u00e9ration de citoyens russes. <\/span> <\/p>

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En raison de sa proximit\u00e9 avec le d\u00e9sert du Karakum au Turkm\u00e9nistan, Khiva servait fr\u00e9quemment de march\u00e9 pour les esclaves captur\u00e9s par les tribus turkm\u00e8nes ou les tribus de la steppe kazakhe. <\/span>kazakhes<\/span>. Le march\u00e9 aux esclaves se tenait dans le long passage de la porte Est de l’Ichon-Qala. Le march\u00e9 aux esclaves est devenu une activit\u00e9 commerciale importante. <\/span>y le 17e si\u00e8cle. Dans la premi\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 du 19e si\u00e8cle, environ un million de Persans, ainsi qu’un nombre inconnu de Russes (et m\u00eame de Scandinaves) entre autres, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 captur\u00e9s et transport\u00e9s \u00e0 Khiva avant d’\u00eatre vendus. Beaucoup d’esclaves ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mis au travail pour la construction de b\u00e2timents dans l’Ichan-Kala fortifi\u00e9e de la cour royale. <\/span><\/p>

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Certains pourraient dire que le march\u00e9 aux esclaves de Khivan \u00e9tait un exemple impressionnant de l’\u00e9conomie de march\u00e9. Les esclaves \u00e9taient vendus comme s’il s’agissait de b\u00e9tail, les plus belles valeurs physiques fixant les prix les plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s. Les esclaves \u00e9taient souvent tenus par le cou et \u00e0 moiti\u00e9 affam\u00e9s pour \u00e9viter qu’ils ne s’\u00e9chappent. Une fois arriv\u00e9s, les malheureux \u00e9taient rassembl\u00e9s dans des stalles, examin\u00e9s pour d\u00e9tecter les maladies et revendus. <\/span><\/p>

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Le prix relatif de la vie humaine variait en fonction de l’offre et de la demande. En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, la demande diminuait apr\u00e8s une bataille (les perdants \u00e9taient r\u00e9duits en esclavage) ou apr\u00e8s l’arriv\u00e9e d’une grande caravane d’esclaves. Le prix d’un artisan \u00e9tait deux fois plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 que celui d’un ouvrier. Les hommes russes \u00e9taient toujours tr\u00e8s demand\u00e9s comme travailleurs. Un homme russe co\u00fbtait l’\u00e9quivalent de quatre chameaux ou de deux bons chevaux, ce qui les rendait plus chers. <\/span> que les femmes ou les autres races. Les femmes persanes \u00e9taient \u00e9galement tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9es par les harems. Selon certaines donn\u00e9es, des Finlandais et des Russes ont m\u00eame \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9tenus et vendus \u00e0 Khiva. Les personnes \u00e0 qui il manquait une oreille ou un nez \u00e9taient g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement \u00e9vit\u00e9es, car elles \u00e9taient consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme des esclaves en fuite et constituaient donc un mauvais investissement. Les esclaves portant des cicatrices de combat et des dommages plus graves \u00e9taient vendus au rabais, car ils n’\u00e9taient pas aussi rentables que les esclaves en bonne sant\u00e9. <\/span><\/p>

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L’esclavage a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement interdit \u00e0 Boukhara en 1863 et \u00e0 Khiva peu apr\u00e8s. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, il s’est poursuivi moins ouvertement qu’auparavant, l’\u00e9lite au moins continuant \u00e0 entretenir de grands harems. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Sites touristiques pr\u00e8s de Khiva<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\tChilpik Dakhma\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\tKarakalpakstan\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\tForteresses du Karakalpakstan\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Page mise \u00e0 jour le 9.5.2021<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La traite des esclaves \u00e0 Khiva La traite des esclaves L’architecture \u00e9tonnante et les richesses des palais Khivan et Bukharan ont \u00e9galement un pass\u00e9 plus sombre. Au XIXe si\u00e8cle, Khiva \u00e9tait r\u00e9put\u00e9e pour la brutalit\u00e9 de son march\u00e9 aux esclaves en Asie centrale. Chaque homme poss\u00e9dait mat\u00e9riellement au moins un esclave personnel pour travailler dans […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":177851,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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