{"id":200500,"date":"2020-06-16T04:51:18","date_gmt":"2020-06-16T04:51:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/central-asia.guide\/kirghizistan\/culture-kirghize\/le-peuple-kirghize\/nikolay-przhevalsky\/"},"modified":"2026-02-16T06:10:06","modified_gmt":"2026-02-16T06:10:06","slug":"nikolay-przhevalsky","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/central-asia.guide\/fr\/kirghizistan\/culture-kirghize\/le-peuple-kirghize\/nikolay-przhevalsky\/","title":{"rendered":"Nikolay Przhevalsky"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Nikolai Przhevalsky<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Nikolai Przhevalsky
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Przhevalsky est connu comme l’homme qui a donn\u00e9 son nom \u00e0 la race de chevaux. Nikolai Mikhailovich Przhevalsky est n\u00e9 \u00e0 Smolensk en 1939 dans une famille polonaise noble (le nom polonais original est Przewalski). Il n’est pas kirghize, mais il a gagn\u00e9 la confiance des habitants et est toujours v\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 par la population, en particulier dans la r\u00e9gion d’Issyk Kul.  Il a \u00e9tudi\u00e9 \u00e0 Smolensk et \u00e0 l’acad\u00e9mie militaire de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg avant d’enseigner la g\u00e9ographie \u00e0 l’\u00e9cole militaire de Varsovie en 1864. Son premier voyage exploratoire en Asie a \u00e9t\u00e9 parrain\u00e9 par la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique russe en 1867, lorsqu’il a \u00e9t\u00e9 envoy\u00e9 \u00e0 Irkoutsk et en Sib\u00e9rie pour \u00e9tudier les hauts plateaux de l’Oussouri. Ce voyage a ouvert la voie aux voyages suivants vers l’Asie int\u00e9rieure, menant l’exploration g\u00e9ographique d’une r\u00e9gion inconnue \u00e0 l’ouest.  <\/span><\/p>\n

Au total, Prjevalski a effectu\u00e9 quatre voyages \u00e0 travers l’Asie, visitant le d\u00e9sert de Gobi jusqu’\u00e0 P\u00e9kin, la r\u00e9gion du Turkestan chinois et le lac Lop Nor, ainsi que le bassin du Qaidam en Chine. Ces vastes explorations avaient \u00e0 l’\u00e9poque des objectifs plus militaires que g\u00e9ographiques, mais elles ont \u00e9galement servi d’explorations scientifiques. La principale obsession de Prjevalski \u00e9tait d’atteindre Lhassa, la capitale myst\u00e9rieuse et interdite du Tibet. Cependant, il n’y est jamais parvenu en raison de la maladie qui l’a frapp\u00e9 lors de son dernier voyage.  <\/p>\n

Malgr\u00e9 ses voyages financ\u00e9s par l’arm\u00e9e, Prjevalski a fait de nombreuses d\u00e9couvertes zoologiques au cours de ces voyages, par exemple en d\u00e9couvrant des esp\u00e8ces indig\u00e8nes de chevaux et de gazelles qui ont ensuite \u00e9t\u00e9 nomm\u00e9es d’apr\u00e8s lui \u00ab\u00a0cheval de Prjevalski\u00a0\u00bb et \u00ab\u00a0gazelle de Prjevalski\u00a0\u00bb. Il a contribu\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re significative \u00e0 la connaissance europ\u00e9enne de l’Asie centrale et a \u00e9t\u00e9 le premier Europ\u00e9en connu \u00e0 d\u00e9crire la seule esp\u00e8ce existante. Les r\u00e9sultats de ces voyages ont ouvert une nouvelle \u00e8re pour l’\u00e9tude de la g\u00e9ographie de l’Asie centrale et pour l’\u00e9tude de la faune et de la flore de cette vaste r\u00e9gion. Il a notamment d\u00e9crit la population sauvage de chameaux de Bactriane.  <\/p>\n

Przhevalsky mourut du typhus avant le d\u00e9but de son cinqui\u00e8me voyage, \u00e0 Karakol<\/a>, sur la rive d’Issyk Kul. Il a contract\u00e9 la typho\u00efde en buvant l’eau de la rivi\u00e8re Chu, reconnue comme infect\u00e9e par la maladie. En l’honneur de l’explorateur, le tsar changea rapidement le nom de la ville en Przhevalsky (l’actuel Karakol<\/a>). Des monuments lui sont consacr\u00e9s pr\u00e8s de Karakol, ainsi qu’un mus\u00e9e sur sa vie et son \u0153uvre. Un autre monument est \u00e9galement \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 sa m\u00e9moire \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\tIssyk Kul\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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Page mise \u00e0 jour le 17.1.2021<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nikolai Przhevalsky Nikolai Przhevalsky (1839 - 1888) Przhevalsky est connu comme l’homme qui a donn\u00e9 son nom \u00e0 la race de chevaux. Nikolai Mikhailovich Przhevalsky est n\u00e9 \u00e0 Smolensk en 1939 dans une famille polonaise noble (le nom polonais original est Przewalski). Il n’est pas kirghize, mais il a gagn\u00e9 la confiance des habitants et 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